A bit of history The two blockchains have a shared history that dates back to the 8th of January 2009 when Satoshi Nakamoto released the Bitcoin whitepaper. The introduction of SegWit that would enable Lightning Network saw another chain emerge namely Bitcoin Cash. At the heart of these forks were debates related to how…

The following is a list of some common tools used in auditing, methods, security, analysis and monitoring Ethereum ecosystem and EVM based chains. A => Aragraph, Armana, Awesome Buggy ERC20 Tokens, abi-decompiler, abi-decoder, Adelaide, B => BlockScout, Blocknative, Best Practises, C => Contractfuzzer, Crytic, Contract Library, Certora Prover, ContractLarva, D…

Challenge 22 on Ethernaut requires us to attack a DEX. DEX has liquidity of two tokens and you can trade on this liquidity where the price of one token in respect to another is the ratio of tokens relative to each other in the liquidity pool. The challenge is to…

Challenge 20 on Ethernaut requires us to attack a contract by causing a Denial of Service DOS kind of attack. …

Introduction Organizations are influenced and subject to internal and external dynamics. Internal dynamics change as culture evolves, and organizational structures, people, leaders, goals, and objectives change. External dynamics which act as triggers, like Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environment (PESTLE) influence organizations. Therefore, change is natural, change is expected…

Organisational culture is a critical facet of any organisation and how it is managed plays a critical role in the processes, success, and change management of the organisation. Santos et al., (2014) state that culture is about ideologies, values, laws, and patterns of development that are reflected in how society…

Challenge 18 on Ethernaut requires us to create a contract Solver that always returns the value 42 using minimal opcodes (10 or less in this case). Bytecode that is deployed is in two parts Initialization Code + Runtime Code. It is the job of the initialization code to return the…

Challenge 16 on Ethernaut requires us to take over ownership of a contract by understanding how delegatecall, libraries, storage slots work. contract AttackLibrary { address public timeZone1Library; address public timeZone2Library; address public owner; function setTime(uint256 /*_time*/) public { owner = tx.origin; } } /* Library will have same variable layout as…

Certified Ethereum Professional is a credential from one of the leading blockchain and cryptocurrencies accreditor C4 Cryptocurrency Consortium. C4 certifies professionals in various topics testing knowledge of concepts. Certified Ethereum Professional exam covers topics such as History of Ethereum, Ethereum Basics(Community, Addresses, Transactions, Network, EIP’s), Consensus, Mining, Wallets, Smart Contracts(Programming, Security, Interactions, DeFi etc). See more here